Showing posts sorted by relevance for query James Burke. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query James Burke. Sort by date Show all posts

Monday, November 14, 2016

Circles by James Burke

Circles is a collection of essays that science journalist James Burke wrote for Scientific American. These 50 short histories focus on science and technology, as you might expect from the magazine that originally published them. Burke also covers culture and literature, which are inextricably tangled in those other subjects anyway.

The conceit of these essays is that they start and end at more or less the same place, making a circle. These trips through history, like history itself, are hardly tidy little circles. Burke skips from place to place, person to person, and period to period like a mad time traveler. The jumps are not random, each step has a connection to its predecessor, eventually finding a connection back to the starting point. Even so, the effect is sometimes chaotic.

I think Burke wanted to convey something of the chaos of history. It is easy to look at the history of some bit of science or technology and see it as a clearly delineated arc. We make superhighways from early concept to full-fledged idea and fly by everything else without noticing it. Burke takes the scenic route, noting the oddball side trips and serendipitous stumbles that are the typical milestones of our creeping advancement in knowledge.

The approach doesn’t allow Burke to dive deep into any subject, but that is not what he wanted to do. That is why I would recommend it to other amateur historians. You can play the honeybee with Burke, flitting from flower to flower and sipping the nectar of each. Along the way you are likely something that intrigues you. You could start a historical journey of your own.

James Burke also wrote The Pinball Effect.

If you’re interested in this book, you may also be interested in


Burke, James. Circles: 50 Round Trips through History, Technology, Science, Culture. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Thursday, July 30, 2009

The Pinball Effect by James Burke

I originally posted this review at Infrastructure Watch, where I write about civil infrastructure, the environment and other matters of technology.

Burke, James. The Pinball Effect: How Renaissance Water Gardens Make the Carburetor Possible—and Other Journeys Through Knowledge. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996.

Reading The Pinball Effect may leave you feeling like a pinball, bouncing from one thing to another quickly. In places, it’s like a bee, tasting many flowers, but never lingering on one.

Burke is more interested in the links between ideas, innovations and inventions. He touches on many of the important technologies, science, events and movements from a broad section of history, but his subject is the more elusive connections between them.

To Burke, all knowledge is linked, so it doesn’t matter where you start. He starts with hairdressing, which leads to improvements in cruise ships. Before the journey is through, he touches on steam power, the major scientific breakthroughs of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, several political and religious movements of that time, Robin Hood, fairy tales and the telephone. That is just a fraction of the nodes on Burke’s web of knowledge.

Burke further indicates the web-like linkages between ideas by including “gateways” in his book. These marginal notations serve as a print version of a hyperlink. The book bounces around plenty if you read it straight through, so the gateways amount to a gimmick. I wasn’t tempted to read the book in any more than one of the 447 ways made possible by the gateways. If you’d like to flip back to a previous, related section, the gateways will save you a trip to the index.

The book is interesting, especially as a quick survey of the ideas that have shaped our history, especially our science and technology. It is also disorienting. Burke tries to capture the strings on the web of knowledge, the links between ideas, but it seems the one can only really see the nodes, the particular events of history and inventions. It is something like connect-the dots. Burke can show us many dots, and he does, and indicate that they are connected by leaping from one to the next, usually sensibly, but to some degree, it is still up to the reader to draw the connections.

Order this book here.

Saturday, June 10, 2017

How We Got to Now by Steven Johnson

The prevailing myth of invention is that it is the product of a solitary genius. Steven Johnson takes on this myth in How We Got to Now.

Johnson’s book is a history of invention with a focus on six particular innovations. He demonstrates that simultaneous invention is common, suggesting that societal knowledge, norms and expectations play a part in invention—at least in providing an environment in which certain types of inventions can be created and flourish.

Thomas Edison and the light bulb is the classic myth challenged by simultaneous invention. Humphrey Davy demonstrated an incandescent electric light in 1802 and Frederick de Moleyns received the first patent for a light bulb in 1841. By the time Edison got involve, people had been working on light bulbs for 30 years, and the potential for electric light had been now for 70 years. Edison and his team of collaborators deserve a lot of credit for creating a commercially successful electric lighting system, inventing solutions to many problems along the way, but is a story of systematic hard work.

Edison’s electric lighting system depended on a lot of prior technology, which relates to another of Johnson’s points: clusters of inventions. An invention can illuminate a previously unnoticed problem (or create a new one). For instance, the availability of affordable books that follow Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press revealed that many people were farsighted. This sparked a demand for reading glasses. The tinkering with lenses led to the invention of telescopes and microscopes. Galileo took up the telescope and made discoveries in astronomy that reshaped how people saw the world. Robert Hooke used the microscope to explore a seemingly alien world of the very tiny thing all around us, though the revolution he inspired took longer to bloom.

Johnson explores other aspects of invention and society. I think it is fair to say that his view of how invention works is a lot messier than the myth. Inventors are at the right place at the right time, with open minds that are prepared (likely by accident) to make a connection and a willingness to do the work of thinking, testing and making something new. They probe the boundaries of their fields, tinker and throw themselves into hobbies that bring them, often with companions, to crossroads that challenge their notions of where they can go and how they can get there.

On the whole, Johnson presents a vision of hope in our history. We are not dependent on genius or serendipity; human creativity is both a social and an individual process in which the collision of ideas leads to new ideas. We live in an era where the collision of ideas may be more possible than ever.

If you’re interested in this book, you may also be interested in

Steven Johnson also wrote


Johnson, Steven. How We Got To Now: Six Innovations that Make the Modern World. New York: Riverhead, 2014.

Saturday, February 18, 2017

400 Books Reviewed on Keenan's Book Reviews

I’ve posted reviews of 400 books on this blog. It’s hard to believe.  Here are links to the 50 most recent posts. Further down are links to more reviews.

First Time Reviews











Continuation of list of 400 books reviewed

Thursday, July 30, 2009

The Centuy Mark: 100 Book Reviews Posted on Keenan’s Book Reviews

We’ve posted reviews of 100 books on this blog so far. The most recent 25 are listed below in alphabetical order by title.

1089 and All That by David Acheson
The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership Tested by Time by James L. Garlow
The Ancient Engineers by L. Sprague de Camp
Are You Dumb Enough to be Rich? by G. William Barnett II
Don’t Grow Old—Grow Up! by Dorothy Carnegie
Einstein’s Clocks, Poincare’s Maps by Peter Galison
Getting Started in Consulting by Allen Weiss
The Great Bridge by David McCollough
How Much Does Your Soul Weigh? by Dorie McCubbrey
How We Got Here by Andy Kessler
IBM and the Holocaust by Edwin Black
The Millionaire Maker by Loral Langemeier
No More Christian Nice Guy by Paul Coughlin
The One Minute Millionaire by Mark Victor Hansen and Robert G. Allen
The Pinball Effect by James Burke
Positive Imaging by Norman Vincent Peale
The Power of Positive Thinking by Norman Vincent Peale
Sea of Glory by Nathaniel Philbrick
Secrets of the Millionaire Mind by T. Harv Eker
Self-Love by Robert H. Schuller
Simple Pictures are Best by Nancy Willard
Starting from Scratch by Wes Moss
The Success Principles by Jack Canfield with Janet Switzer
University of Success by Og Mandino
You Can Write for Magazines by Greg Daugherty

Additional Reviews:
First 25 Books Reviews
Reviews 26-50
Reviews 51-75

Wednesday, March 2, 2011

The Drunkard’s Walk by Leonard Mlodinow

Mlodinow, Leonard. The Drunkard’s Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives. 2008. New York: Vintage, 2009.

We are bad judges of probability. When we get beyond the most simple probabilities, our intuition is terrible. It requires a rigorous logic that can trip up even professionals we might expect to know better. It can lead us to make inappropriate judgments about others and ourselves.

That is the premise presented by Leonard Mlodinow in The Drunkard’s Walk. The title refers to a random path that describes many things in nature, like Brownian motion, and society, like the stock market.

Mlodinow describes several way how and reasons why we make false assessments of probability. To begin with, we simply have poor intuition about randomness. Our brains are biased to see patterns even if one isn’t truly there. We can look into the past and piece together how we got where we are, ignoring all the ambiguities we faced at the time, but we can’t easily identify clear marker for the future. We make value judgments based on results when the results are due as much or more to random events as to the efforts of people. Worse, we make value judgments about people even when we know a result related to them is random. With each of these problems, the author presents examples from history or scientific studies.

In contrast to these problems, Mlodinow presents the sometimes counterintuitive, but more correct, views that come from using logic and statistical inference. In this manner her present several concepts of probability and statistics such as regression to the mean, the law of large numbers, Bayesian analysis, the law of errors, and normal accident theory. This isn’t a textbook, though, so the descriptions are aimed at making people aware of the power of these methods for correcting false intuitions, not training future statisticians.

In addition to these things, the book is a history of probability and statistics. Mlodinow goes back to the people who invented, developed and popularized the knowledge he is presenting. Many of these people are unusual characters. For instance, he introduces the battling Bernoullis, a family of mathematicians I was first introduced to through my background in hydraulics, who are colorful and combative enough to make an interesting subject by himself or herself. We get to meet some interesting gamblers, too.

Throughout the book, Mlodinow is building to the argument he presents in the final chapter. Namely, we should not judge people mainly by their results, whether or not they are successful or have failed, are rich or poor, are at the top or at the bottom. People with little difference in ability can have great differences in success due to random factors. We shouldn’t put too much stock in those that success or be to harsh with those who don’t.

We should take courage for ourselves, too. The more attempts we make, the more likely we are to eventually have a success.


If you’re interested in this book, you may also be interested in
Chance by Amir Aczel
The Numbers Game by Michael Blastland & Andrew Dilnot
The Pinball Effect by James Burke
The Unfinished Game by Keith Devlin
War Against the Weak by Edwin Black

Saturday, October 31, 2015

Professional Amateur by T. A. Boyd

Charles F. Kettering’s legacy as a philanthropist is memorialized in the names of the institutions he supported such as the Kettering Foundation and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. As an engineer, I’m more familiar with is reputation as an inventor and innovator, especially in automotive engineering.

Kettering’s associate, T. A. Boyd, memorialized him in the biography Professional Amateur. I think the title is intended to convey Kettering’s humility and determination to not let expertise or established knowledge get in the way of progress. As an engineer, and arguably a scientist, Kettering was devoted to experimentation.

As with others of his era (he was born in 1876), Kettering’s education was not traditional by current standards. After graduating high school, he began teaching in one-room schoolhouses in Ohio such as the one he had attended. He later attended the College of Wooster, studying Greek with an eye toward becoming a pastor, and eventually graduated from the Ohio State University with a degree in electrical engineering. Problems with his eyes caused interruptions in his formal education.

Kettering valued his school experience, but he also valued his practical experience. He got a job installing poles for a telephone company and worked his way into installing lines and switchboards. He and friends undertook amateur experiments in chemistry and electricity. Even as a child he took great interest in nature.

After introducing us to his early life, the book turns to his career as an inventor and research engineer. He established what is now Delco, which he sold to General Motors. He had a long career leading the research efforts at GM. The final chapters of the book describe Kettering’s views on business and education and his career as a public speaker.

Kettering met his wife, Olive, while working for a rural telephone company. Their son, Gene, followed his father into engineering and eventually had a successful career in designing and building diesel-electric locomotives a General Motors.

Boyd was a friend of Kettering, who was still alive when Professional Amateur was published. Needless to say, the book is very complimentary to its subject. Few faults are attributed to the man, except that Kettering is depicted as being so absorbed in his research that he would overlook social conventions like keeping a nice suit clean, entertaining guests, or remembering the purpose of his appointments. The research engineer left his business affairs mostly in the hands of trusted partners so he could concentrate on the work that interested him, though Boyd’s depiction indicates Kettering was shrewd about business.

I don’t think the book is intended for children, but it is written in simple and direct style that might be accessible to many young readers. It was published in 1957, so more recent or thorough biographies may be available. For instance, Kettering introduced tetraethyl lead to gasoline as a way to reduce knock and improve fuel efficiency. Though it was considered safe at the time (as Boyd points out), the lead emissions from automobiles has be reevaluated sense and we no longer use leaded gasoline. The book was written before anyone was seriously aware of or concerned about this issue, so it does not consider it.

If you’re interested in this book, you may also be interested in


Boyd, T. A. Professional Amateur: The Biography of Charles Franklin Kettering. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1957.